Power-actuated pneumatic hammer.



L. E. GULLY. POWERACTUATED PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5| 19|]-V 4 PatentedMay 23,1916.

QMS@ w ....4 rilw H LOUIS E. GOLIiY, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

IPO'VVEIR.-AG'FITA'.II'IIEZII) PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

Meinst.

x- Specication of Letters Patent.

^ Patented May as, iaie.

Appli-cation led May 5, 1911. Serial-No. 625,323.

lar tools in which the Hammer blow is de-4 livered under the influenceuof air compression, andV wherein theoperatin-g part which delivers thehammer blow' is withdrawn by suction or rarefaction of air into positionto enable it to deliver its blows.

The object of the invention is to provide a construction which issimpleand eilicient in operation, for pneumatically operating hammers orother devices by the air compressing and rarefying action of a'pistonoperating in a cylinder or tube. i

A further object of the invention is to provide a device or tool of thecharacter referred to which is economical to manufacture, and capable ofeasy and ready appli- -cation to its work, and may-be easilyontrolled inits operation. p

A further object of the invention is to provide a tool or device of thenature referred to wherein the power exerted in delivering the hammerblow of the instrument may beI regulated.

Other objects of the invention will appearl more fully hereinafter. u

"lhe` invention consists substantially in the construction, combination,location and relative arrangement of parts, all as will be more fullyhereinafter set forth, as shown in the accompanying drawing, and linallypointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, and to the various views andreference signs appearing thereon,-ll`igure 1 is a view in suction orrareication vof air into position to pressing and rarefying action ofafpiston vcentral longitudinal section sho-wing a construction of toolor device, 1n itsslmplest form, embodying the principles of my in.

vention. Fig; 2 is a similar view, hshowing a modified arrangementembodying the principles' of myinvention, and the provi-- sion of meansfor controlling the hammer actionof the'devlce.

the device shown inl*1 ig. 2. F ig. 1 is a view Fig. 3 is a broken view`f in plan of a portion of the working end of `central section showing aslightly modified arrangement of certain of device shown in Fig.` 2.

In carrying out my invention, andas fundamental characteristics thereof,l emply a cylindrical tube in which operates a pisthe details of theJton, being reciprocated longitudinally in said cylinder in any suitableor desired manner. Also operatingloosely in said .cylinder is a plungerconstituting the hammer. The action of the piston inwrarefying andcompressing atmospheric air 'within the cylinder or tube, is employed incarrying out my invention, for withdrawing the hammer'or plunger fromits work, and in causing said' hammer or plunger to deliver its hammerblo-w. In the' more refined embodiments of;

the broad idea of my invention, means are provided forcontrolling therarefyingmorsuction and compressing action of the piston as regards theinfluence exerted thereby upon the plunger or hammer. broadest scope,vas deined in the claims,`my invention yis not to be limited or to'these refinements.

In Fig. 1, I have shown the simplest fform of embodiment of myinventionwherein 5 designates a cylinder in which operates a piston 6,and a plunger or hammer 7, the' piston and plunger fltting looselywithin the But in its restricted cylinder. A shank 8, of a tool or otherde- ,I

vice to be actuated, is inserted into one end ofthe cylinder `5, in lineiwith the cylinder and hammer, and in such relation, that the hammer orplunger whenoperated, delivers its hammer blow thereonf A convenientarrangement' is shown wherein the cylinder 5 is provided with a-reducedextended por /tion 9 at one end thereof, through 'the' bore ofwhich theshank 8 of the ltool extends slightly into the cylinder 5 and inpositior to receivethe hammer blow of the plunger 7.

The piston 6 may be reciprocated in the cylinder 5 by any suitable poweractuated 'devices As an ctx-amplification of anoperative embodiment ofmeans to this end, I have shown a piston rod 10, connected to the pistonatone endand to an eccentric strap 11, at its other end, said eccentricstrap op- By reason of the loose ttingof the-plun-v ger 7, and piston 6,inthe cylinder, `more or ien .erating on. an eccentric 12, carried by a`less air is confined to a greater or less degreev in the space betweenthe proximate or juxtaposed inner surfaces of the piston and the plungerduring the out-stroke of the piston, and a greater or less degree ofrarefa'ccylinder, so as'to deliver a hammer blow upon the end of thetool shank arranged to receive the blow. Thus it will be seen that abody of air is maintained inl the cylinder between the piston and theplunger, this air being compressed in the outstroke of the piston, andutilized to cause the plunger to deliver its hammer blow, and beingrareed during the in-stroke of the piston to create a suction actionwhich draws the plunger inwardly into the cylinder preparatory todelivering its succeeding hammer blow., The

operation yis exceedingly simple and by operating the hammer or plungerby suction and compression, I avoid and prevent the crystallizing actionupon the parts of the apparatus due to the percussive action of devicesof thisnatre.

Another and most imptant advantage is that I avoid the shock andvibration iml parted to workmen in the use of the device and which wouldotherwise be imparted in fthe practical operation of the instrument,Vparticularly where the piston is operated at a high rate of speed ,tocause the hammer or plunger to deliver several hundred or thousandhammer blows per minute.

It may sometimes be desirable to provide means `for controlling theoperation'of the lplunger or hammer, that is, of controlling thecompressing and rarefying action of the piston, and supply and exhaustof air to and from the'. space between the piston and the plunger orhammer.

In u Fig. 2, I have shown one form of means for accomplishing thisresult. In `this case the cylinder 14 is arranged in line with thepiston 15, which reciprobates therein.

x The hammer or plunger 16 also operates within the cylinder, the pistonand plunger being fitted to reciprocate smoothly and easily throughthebore of the cylinder. The

working end of the cylinder is provided with an opening or bore to lreceive the shank 17 of the tool upon which the plunger delivers itshammer `blow. The cylinder is provided withdaterall' ports ataconvenient pointin its length indicated at 18. Surrounding the 'cylinder,is ,a control sleeve 19,

capable of longitudinal sliding movement upon the cylinder 14. A spring20, is interposedqbetween a shoulder 21, on the cylinder, .and a"coperating shoulder 22, formed on .the sleeve 19, the tension of thespring normally tending to maintain the sleeve pressed endwise againstthe shoulder 23, on a fixed part of the casing. The interior of thesleeve 19, is provided with a surface 50 in which is formed a portopening 2l, which port normally registers with the ports 18. Whenhowever, the sleeve is shifted endwise against the action of spring 20the surface 50 lcloses the ports 18.' The port 24, in the sleeve,communicates with the outer air, and when the sleeve is in the normalposition shown in Fig. 2, the ports 24 and 18 are in registration witheach other. It is obvious that under these circumstances the interior ofthe cylinder isfreely open to the outer air through said registeringports, and consequently reciprocations of the piston under theseconditions do not create substantial compression or suction action andthe hammer or plunger 16 in such case remains idle. When, however, theport 18 is closed by the port 24 being carried out of register with it,by shifting the sleeve 19 endwise against spring 20, then the rarefyingor suction and compressing operations take place in the cylinder byreciprocation of the piston therein with consequent proper operation ofthe hammer or plunger 16.

It may sometimes be desirable to adjustably regulate the stroke of theplunger or hammer 16. A simple method of accomplishing this is shown inFig. 4 wherein the cylinder 14 is provided with a series of ports 25,26, 27 spaced suitable distances apart, lengthwise of the cylinder, andthe sleeve 19 is provided .with coperating ports 28, 29 and 30. Theport28 is of a size corresponding to and coperating with the cylinder ports25, as shown in Fig. 4, of the drawing. When the vports 28 and 25 larein register lwith each other, the ports 26-29 and 27-30 are also inregister with each other, and consequently the suction and compressionaction of the piston 15, so far as it is elfective on the hammer orplunger. 16, is applied only in the space `between the port 25, andtheplunger 16, since the air exhaust through the ports 27, 26 and 25during the outstroke of the piston prevents compression, until .afterthe pistonpasses beyond the port 25, in such outstroke, thereafter the.compression of the body of'air confined between the advaning end o f thepiston, and the proximate end of the plunger takes place, causing thelatter to deliver a shortv hammer Ablow. In case the piston does notpass the -port 25 in its outstroke then, under the conditions statedthere will be no operation Vof the hammer. If now, the sleeve 19 isshifted endwise against the action ofspring 20 until the port 29, ofsubstantially double the area o f port 26, so as to maintain registerrelatlon therewith after the port. 25, has been closed. For the samereason the port 30,

p is made three times the area of ports 27-26 or 25 so as to maintainregistration with port 27 after port 25 is closed and also after port f.26 is closed. 'Ihe closing of port 25, will ger.

`1 tated.

the casing and the then provide a larger space or area -in the cylinderin which suction andcompressing actions take place and hence a heavierblow and a longer stroke is delivered by the plun- The compression andsuction action and the length oflstroke of the plunger is still furtherincreased by closing the port 26, by still further shifting the sleeve,with the ports 30 and 27 still. 1n register.. The passages 31 aj'ordcommunication from the outer air to the several ports, and the rings orsurfaces 32 serving as valves to close the ports 25, 26, 27 according asthe sleeve is.

shifted.

It may be desirable to cause axial-Inovement of the tool in theperformance of its work, and according to the character of the workto beperformed. 'Io accomplish this result, I propose to employ `the sleeve1.9 which in the use of the apparatus is grasped by the hand of theworkman The cylinder 14; is mounted for axial roative movement, andv afinger 33 on the sle seat or a groove 34, at a .convenientpoint in theexterior surfacel of the cylinder, or the tool-head thereof. By rotatingthe sleeve, the' tool .and cylinder are also axially 'ro- 'Ihis,construction alsol serves to maintain the sleeve and cylinder in properrelation withl respect to each other for the ports thereof to properlycoperate in the performance of theirfunction, that is, axialdisplacement o f the sleeve and cylinder relatively to each otheriisprevented. Where `it is desired to axially rotate the tool, its shankmay be suitably connected to the bore of the cylinderI end in which itworks, as for in-` stance by a key or spline 53. AIt will be seen .thatthe axial rotation of the cylinder and sleeve is independent of anymovement of connections.

In Fig. 2, I have shown thepiston actuated lby a crank constructionindicated generally by reference sign A, said crank construction beingarranged within the casing B, to which crankl device ai piston rod C, is

connected, said` plston rod lbeing suitably connected yto the piston tooperate the latter.

tion of crank connection shown, as the same forms the ysubject matter ofanother application executed of even date herewith. lAs

above stated, however, the piston may bev ve, engages in a piston andits operating.

operated, so far-as the present invention is concerned, by any suitableor convenient driving mechanism. c

'Ihe device, if desired, and to facilitate the handling thereof, may beprovided with a suitable 4handle D, by which it may be held' andmanipulated.

While I havev shown and described specific details of structure andarrangement, I Wish it to be understood, that my invention, in itsbroadest scope, as defnedin the claims, is not to be limited orrestricted to specific details. But,

Having now set forth the object and nature of my invention and variousconstruc-` tions embodying the principles thereof7 what I claimas newand useful and ,of my own invention and desire tosecure by Let tersLPatent is 1. In a device of. the kind described, aA

cylinder, a piston and a plunger mounted to reciprocate therein in 'linewith each other, means for reciprocating the piston, said cylinderhaving a series of normally open ports spaced vapart from each other inthe direction of the length ofthe cylinder and located between theplunger and piston when in their extreme displaced positionsA withrespect to each other, and means for 'closing said ports in successiveorder to any desired extent or succession.

2. In' a device of the kind described, a

erating to close 'said ports in successive order to any desired extentof succession.

3. In a device of the kind described, a cylinder, al piston adapted toreciprocate in the rear end of the cylinder, a plunger als'q adapted tolreciprocate in the cylinder, at-

the forward end thereof,the cylinder having .a port at its forward endleadingto atmosphere, means forreciprocatin the piston, said cylinderhaving intermedlate its ends and intermediate the plunger. 'and pistonwhen inttheirA extreme displacedr positions relative to each other, aseries of normally open ports spaced apart fromy each other in 'thedirection ofthe length of the cylinder,

afd a spring resisted member slidable longitudinally of the cylinder toclosesaid ports in and to any desired extent of succession. Ido notclalm hereinthe specific construc,

4. In a'devivce of the kind described, a

cylinder, la piston and a plunger mounted to Y l reciprocate thereinin'line with eachother, rmeans for reciprocatin the piston, saidcylinder having a serles o normally open ports spaced apart from eachother in the direction of the length of the cylinder and a sleevesurrounding said cylinder and slidable longitudinally thereon, for4closing said 'spaced apart from each other in the direction ofthe lengthof the cylinder and adapted to be" covered and uncovered by the pistonin its reciprocation, said ports being of respectively increasing size,and means for covering and uncovering the ports outside of the cylinder.

6. In a device of the kind described, a cylinder, a' piston and aplunger mounted to reciproc'ate therein in line with eachother, meansfor reciprocating thepiston, said cylinder having a series of sets 'ofnormally open ports, each set comprising a plurality of portscircumferentially of' the cylinder, the said sets being spaced apartfrom each other in the direction of the length of the cylinder and meansfor closing said sets of ports in and to any desired extent ofsuccession.

7. In a device ofthe kind described, a cylinder, a piston and a plungermounted to reciprocate therein in line with each other, means forreciprocating the piston,

'said cylinder having a series of sets of ports,

the said sets being spaced apart from each other in the direction of thelength of the cylinder and adapted to be covered and uncovered by thepiston -in its reciprocation and each set comprising a plurality ofports disposed transversely around the cylinder, and means for coveringand uncovering the ports `outside Vof the cylinder, said meanscomprising a sleeve member provided with openings adapted to registerwith the several ports of the cylinder and having alsoy passagesconnecting the several openings.

8. In a device of the kind described, a casing, driving means withinthecasing, a cylinder mounted for free axial rotative movement relativelyto the casing, and having ports through the wall thereof, aA pistonconnected to the driving means'and adapted to reciprocate within F'thecylinder at one end, a member adapted to reciprocate within the cylinderat its other end and a sleeve surrounding the cylinder and keyedthereto, said sleeve movable endwise to cover and uncover said ports.

9. In a device ofthe kind described, a casing, driving means within thecasing, a cylinder mounted for axial rotative move.-

ment relatively to the casing, a piston connected to the driving meansandadapted to reciprocate Within the cylinder, a plunger also adapted toreciprocate Within the cylinder in line with the piston, said cylinderhaving a series of ports spaced apart from each other in the directionof the length of the cylinder and intermediate the piston and plungerwhen in their positions of greatest separation, and a sleeve surroundingthe cylinder and keyed thereto but slidable longitudinally thereon, forclosing said ports in and to any desired extent of succession.

10. In a device of the kind described, a casing, driving means withinthe casing, a cylinder mounted for axial rotative movement relatively tothe casing, a piston connected to the driving means and adapted toreciprocate Within the cylinder, a plunger also ladapted to reciprocatewithin the cylinder in line with the piston, said cylinder having aseries of ports spaced apart from each other in the direction of thelength of the cylinder, and intermediate the piston and plunger when intheir positions of greatest separation, a sleeve surrounding saidcylinder and keyed thereto but slidable longitudinally thereon, forclosing said ports in and to any desired yextent of succession, andmeans to yieldingly retain said sleeve in position to open said ports.

11. In a device of the'kind described, y

a cylinder and a piston mounted to reciprocate therein, means forreciprocating said piston, a plunger also mounted to reciprocate freelyin said cylinder, said piston operating to alternately rarefyand'compress the air in the space in the cylinder between the piston andplunger to actuate the latter -Without contacting therewith. v

12. In a device of the kind described, a cylinder and a piston mountedto reciprocate therein, means for reciprocating sai Hpiston, a plungeralso mounted to reciprocate freely in said cylinder, said pistonoperating to .alternately .rarefy and compress the air in the space inthe cylinder between the piston and plunger to actuate the latterwithout contacting therewith, and means to confine air in said space,and means to vary the volume of said air, thereby varying the rarefyingand compressing action of the piston thereon.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in theI presence ofthe subscribing witnesses, on this 29th day .of April,

SAMUEL E. DARBY.

